It is an addition to traditional inheritance and enables horizontal composition of behavior that is, the application of class members without requiring inheritance.” Example FileĬreating a Trait is just like defining a class, the following simple example (excluding comments) shows a single file with one trait which has 2 methods: printThis() It is not possible to instantiate a Trait on its own. The semantics of the combination of Traits and classes is defined in a way which reduces complexity, and avoids the typical problems associated with multiple inheritance and Mixins.Ī Trait is similar to a class, but only intended to group functionality in a fine-grained and consistent way. A Trait is intended to reduce some limitations of single inheritance by enabling a developer to reuse sets of methods freely in several independent classes living in different class hierarchies. “Traits are a mechanism for code reuse in single inheritance languages such as PHP. The exact definition from the PHP site defines Traits as such: They are ideal in reducing the limiting effect of single inheritance, thus enabling the exposing of methods as if they were defined in the calling class. If you have exposure to Object Oriented programming, then you will have been introduced to the concept of abstract classes and interfaces. A “Trait” is similar to an abstract class, in that it cannot be instantiated on its own but contains methods that can be used in a concrete class. Traits were introduced in PHP in version 5.4 and are used extensively in the Laravel Framework.
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